The Private Sector and DFID

By Daniel Runde, Centre for Strategic and International Studies

The Private Sector and DFID

CSIS recently hosted Gavin McGillivray, Head of the Private Sector Development Department at the Department for International Development (DFID) in the UK . I had the opportunity to interview Gavin and ask him about the role of DFID in promoting the utilization of the private sector to combat poverty. (Listen to a recording of the interview here).

DFID is one of the most innovative development agencies in the world. They have three priorities: zones of conflict, private sector led development, and development effectiveness. Until now, DFID has been one of three Departments protected (“ringfenced”) from budget cuts in the UK. DFID has been working to develop a new strategy for supporting private enterprise in the developing world and recently came out with an “approach document,” found here.

DFID’s “approach” (note: not a strategy) includes: helping more than 50 million people access savings, credit and insurance, helping half the countries in Africa benefit from freer trade (something I don’t hear a lot about in Washington these days), securing the right to land and property for six million people, and supporting jobs and opportunities to generate income for more than 10 million people.

These are big, audacious goals–not surprising for DFID and its very creative leadership team.

During my interview with Gavin, one quote stands out from our discussion:

“How do poor people become more prosperous? They get a job, they start a business or they grow their business, they add a bit more income, they become a bit more productive. If one thinks about those things…those are all activities that primarily happen in the private sector. If you want poor people to have more chances to earn money, you need to have successful private investment and successful private enterprise.”

Gavin also addressed the importance of the private sector in improving poor people’s access to basic services. “Many poor people purchase their necessities – education, healthcare, electricity, clean water – from the private sector.”

An area of increased interest for DFID is supporting for-profit health and education services for the poor – something that is of interest in the development community, but not part of mainstream development thinking. There have been several

groundbreaking reports on this, but the emphasis on philanthropy and Official Development Assistance reflect old thinking and entrenched views about how these services ought to be delivered.

Gavin also discussed the UK’s new approach for development finance. Like OPIC, CDC (known only by the acronym) is the UK’s Development Finance Institution and, as in other countries, there has been ongoing debate as to whether CDC should seek a full profit return or instead, prioritize social impact while possibly not maximizing profits.

CDC revamped its business plan and beginning in July 2011, re-prioritizing its initiatives to:

· Maximize development impact, not corporate profitability

· Deploy more flexible funding instruments

· Be able to assume more risk (lower corporate return requirement)

· Make new commitments only in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

In this regard, CDC concentrates exclusively on investing in privately owned businesses of all size in low-income and lower middle-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Even within a particular country, CDC focuses on the geographical areas of the country that are most in need of development assistance, as in the case of India, where CDC restricts its activities to the poorest eight states.[1]Additionally, within these lower –middle income countries, CDC focuses on sectors that are not historically financially lucrative, such as agriculture.

My take-away from the conversation with Gavin McGillivray is that the rhetoric is going the right way–the private sector is the engine of development, but the people, time, and money that go into development do not reflect the rhetoric. DFID is going to be on the cutting edge of changing that mindset. Watch this space.

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  1. Cooperatives are community based institutions serving the entire community by providing fair businesses, which are owned by all size part of community in low-income and lower middle-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, that fits with DFID’s re-prioritizing its initiatives to which is Maximize development impact, not corporate profitability, able to assume more risk (lower corporate return requirement), cooperative provide to poor people all their necessities – education, healthcare, electricity, clean water and provide incentive to make them productive by improving their product marketing through developing proper synergy among value chain sectors.

    So, if DFID really interested to help the poor, DFID should consider Cooperatives as real partners in the re-prioritizing initiatives. Because cooperatives are

     1.      Organizing principles

    1. 1.      Democratic member leadership: – Cooperatives operate with full participation of members and leaders elected from among members (community based businesses, who are owned by all size in low-income and lower middle-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia). Every member has equal voting rights, which is based on “One member One Vote Principle.” Accordingly, one member has only one voting right, regardless of whether he/she has high or small amount of money in savings and shares, has higher political or religious power or has better educational and economic status. In primary SACCO Society members have equal voting rights and Societies at secondary, tertiary etc levels are also organized in a democratic manner with system of equal representation by election. This equality gives the proper base for democratic management of their resources to members within their SACCO.

    The members elect Board of Directors and other committees from among the members and even they have the right to drop out inefficient and unfaithful elected Board of Directors at any time. 

    The highest responsibility for the individual members in developing democratic administration within their SACCO is attending the meeting & deciding conscious decision which will be held at monthly bases, quarterly and yearly.

    1. 2.      Member control-in SACCO societies members: –

    ü  Protect membership rights, Monitor if there is fair sharing of benefits or not,

    ü  Assign tasks to further benefits to all,

    ü  Build transparency among the members,

    ü  Discuss problems together and identify solutions by themselves before the worst comes. etc

    1. 3.      Benefit, service to members: SACCO Societies are designed to give safe place for savings to unbanked society and provide accessible loan to needy members based on their loan policy, regulations and procedures for any productive purpose such as livestock production and fattening, seed and fertilizer purchases, implements and tools purchases, school fees, home construction, other income generating business, etc.
    2. 4.      Cooperatives keep economic benefits within a community. Profit is not drained off by outside investors, because the Cooperative’s members are owners, and the Cooperatives exist to fill a need in a community that is not being organized by other profit oriented businesses owners/investors.
    3. 5.      Service at cost with minimum margin; not profit maximization.

    It is true that the main objective of the SACCO Societies is not to make aggressive profit, but it is also true that a well-organized and successful SACCO Society should end up with a balance of funds, that enable it to: –

    1. Cover all the business transaction costs,
    2. Protect members share and savings from any risk,
    3. Allow expanding its financial services and expand the outreach in the future,
    4. Give econom